• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A decoking device suitable for use on a reaction vessel for the thermal cracking of heavy petroleum oils, including an assembly mounted on top of the reaction vessel and having a cylinder and a piston slidably and rotatably received in the cylinder, the cylinder and piston defining a scrubbing liquid chamber which is sealed from the outside. A scrubbing liquid is fed through the scrubbing liquid chamber to a main injection pipe to inject the liquid through a multitude of jet nozzles in the main injection pipe against the inner wall surfaces of the reaction vessel, the main injection pipe being connected to the piston for movement therewith.
    公开号:SU904531A3
    申请号:SU782575953
    申请日:1978-02-03
    公开日:1982-02-07
    发明作者:Такахаси Хисао；Номура Такеси；Хара Еситомо；Наканиси Хадзиме；Мива Наотака；Кавабе Наоси；Эндо Томизо；Хозума Хироси；Акимото Минору
    申请人:Куреха Кагаку Когио Кабусики Кайся (Фирма)；Чиеда Кемикал Инджиниринг Энд Констракшн Ко Лтд (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to devices for removing coke from a reactor for thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbons.
    In pitch production, heavy petroleum oils (hereinafter referred to as heavy oils), for example asphalt or coal tar, are usually thermally cracked in a reactor. In this case, hot gas that does not react with heavy oils is introduced through the bottom of the reactor at a temperature of from 4000 to 2000 ° C for thermal cracking of the loaded material. During the cracking process, the loaded material undergoes intensive bubbling and is sprayed onto the inner surfaces of the reactor with the formation of coke deposits on them. These coke sediments increase to a considerable thickness when using the reactor with several loads and are partially separated from the axis of the reactor, causing significant difficulties in carrying out after 10
    1B of subsequent operations, caused, for example, by clogging the nozzle through which the reacted product is discharged.
    Known methods for the removal of coke from the reactor by high pressure water jets or by mechanical scraping of the precipitate from the walls of the reactor after several downloads or until a certain thickness of the coke sediment is reached.
    However, the known methods are inevitably associated with cooling the temperature of the reactor from 400 ° C to room temperature, which causes a cracking delay for a long period of time and forces the removal of coke to an undesirable medium. ,
    Also known is a technology for introducing a portion of raw feed material through a rotating pipe to the inner surfaces of the reactor to remove precipitated coke from them and a device for removing coke from a reactor for thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbons containing a pipe with nozzles for supplying washing liquid and a rotation mechanism connected to it and reciprocating movement [1].
    Since high temperature and pressure prevail in the inside of the reactor during cracking, a drive mechanism is usually provided on the outside of the reactor to rotate the discharge pipe. As a result of this, the discharge pipe is necessarily connected with a fixed supply pipe located also outside the reactor, which requires a seal at the interface between the rotating discharge pipe and the stationary supply pipe, except for the seal of the joint between the discharge pipe and the reactor. This is especially important when processing flammable materials such as hot asphalt or toxic materials. However, the described device may leak substances from the reactor. Into the gaps between the reactor and the rotating pipe, as well as between the last and the stationary pipe for supplying a flushing medium and raw materials.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device by reducing leakage of fluid from the reactor.
    This goal is achieved in that the device for removing coke from the reactor for thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbons, containing a pipe with nozzles for supplying a flushing medium and a rotation and reciprocating movement connected to it, further comprises a cylinder at the top of the reactor with nozzles for supplying a flushing liquid and a sealing medium, a three-stage piston mounted inside the cylinder with the possibility of movement and rotation and forming the upper and lower seals with the cylinder integral chambers and the middle chamber for flushing fluid, the piston is provided with an additional pipe for flushing the outer wall of the main pipe, the pipes being connected to the chambers via channels made in the piston.
    The drawing shows the proposed device, a section.
    A device for removing coke from a reactor comprises a reactor 1 and a drive unit 2 mounted at the top of the reactor, designed to provide rotation and vertical movement. The drive shaft (not shown) of the drive unit 2 is connected through the rod 3 of the piston 4 to the upper end of the discharge pipe 5 located inside the reactor 1, at the top of which there is a cylinder 6 for supplying coke-free heavy oil and the discharge pipe assembly with a tight seal 15 of the upper end reactor 1.
    The drive unit 2, which includes an electric motor and a gearbox for rotating and moving up and down the discharge pipe 5 through the drive shaft, is equipped with a control circuit for regulating the rotational and translational movements of the up and down discharge pipe 5 · In addition, the drive unit has this design, with which both radial and axial loads applied to it are created inside, which makes it compact.
    An auxiliary pipe 7 is connected to the piston 4, which is designed to continuously drain the flushing fluid along the outer peripheral surfaces of the main pipe 5 to maintain these surfaces 35 in a wet state. The main pipe 5 is equipped with a number of nozzle nozzles 8 arranged in a vertical line from the side facing the inner surface of the reactor 1, 40 and intended for injection through them under pressure of a cleaning heavy oil. The nozzle nozzles 8 are located externally with a downward inclination at an angle of 45 ° relative to the main pipe 45. The number, location and shape of the nozzles are determined depending on the pressure of the injected heavy oil. The main pipe 5 is closed from the lower end and contains two sections 9 and 10 of the bend in the middle part, which ensures the location of the direct lower end in close proximity to the inner surfaces of the reactor 1.
    55 The auxiliary discharge pipe 7 is centered through the main discharge pipe 5 to the bend section 9 and exits through the wall of the main pipe 5. The lower end of the auxiliary discharge pipe 7, which protrudes from the main discharge pipe 5, extends over the bend section 10 of the main discharge pipe. The distal end of the auxiliary discharge pipe 7 is positioned so that the heavy oil spreads evenly on the outer surfaces of the main pipe 5. In this embodiment, the heavy oil is drained onto the outer surface of the main pipe 5 by gravity or can be introduced under pressure. The free end of the auxiliary discharge pipe 7 may be spirally wound around the surface of the main discharge pipe 5. With this design, the open end of the auxiliary discharge pipe is held in a fixed position relative to the main discharge pipe 5 so that the main pipe is compressed or elongated due to thermal stress.
    The main discharge pipe 5 inside the reactor 1 should be made of lightweight material, since it is exposed to high temperatures, vibrations from bubbling. periodic stresses as a result of the operation of the jets during the cleaning process from coke and the moments arising as a result of eccentric deviations from each other of the main and auxiliary pipes 5 and 7. Thus, for example, part of the pipe 7 can be made in the form of a single carbon steel pipe introduced into the reactor.
    The main and auxiliary pipes 5 and 7 and the piston 4 are welded as follows. The piston 4 at the lower end has an axial bore 11, which has the same diameter as the inner diameter of the main discharge pipe 5, and communicates through the lower channel 12 with the low pressure chamber 13 of the heavy oil. An additional discharge pipe 7 is inserted directly through the through hole that is provided on the lower side of the curved portion of the main discharge pipe 5, and the upper end of the auxiliary discharge pipe 7 is introduced into the lower channel 12 with welding of the outer periphery of the auxiliary pipe 7 with the lower part of the hole 11. After this, the upper end of the main discharge pipe 5 is joined and welded to the lower end 5 of the piston 4. Then, the auxiliary pipe 7 is welded to the main pipe 5 around its outer periphery, about where its curved part protrudes, and the protruding lower end of the auxiliary pipe bends in the manner indicated above.
    Cylinder 6 is installed at the top of reactor 1 and is designed to '' supply heavy oil at low 15 and high pressures to the main and auxiliary pipes 5 and 7, respectively, providing a seal to the upper end of reactor 1 to prevent leakage of flammable '20 gases or other materials, including heated asphalt . Cylinder 6 has a lower baffle 14 extending from the base into the inner part of reactor 1 to form a lower 25 steam chamber 15 around the main discharge pipe 5. Cylinder 6, in cooperation with the piston bands 4, forms a high-pressure chamber 16 of heavy oil, a low-pressure chamber 13 heavy oil and the upper steam chamber 17 with a pipe 18 for supplying steam. These chambers are sealed by piston rings 19 in their respective sections. The upper 35 steam chamber 17 is sealed from the atmosphere by a seal 20 and the stuffing box 21. The lower wall of the lower steam chamber 15 is equipped with an anti-vibration cylindrical element 40 22, which prevents vibration of the main discharge pipe 5-The anti-vibration element serves to suppress vibration, which is inevitably caused in the main discharge pipe 45 due to the operation of the jets of the cleaning fluid supplied under high pressure (for example, at 20 kgf / cm 2 ) the main discharge pipe and due to the rapid bubbling of vapors under high pressure, which are formed during the cracking process.
    The high-pressure chamber 16 of the cylinder 6 communicates with the main discharge pipe 5 through the hole 55 23 and receives heavy oil under high pressure through the pipe 24 to supply it through the nozzles 8 of the main discharge pipe 5 to the inner surface of the reactor 1. The low-pressure chamber 13 of the heavy oil communicates with an auxiliary discharge pipe 7 and receives heavy oil at low pressure to enter it. from the lower end of the auxiliary pipe 7 to the outer peripheral walls of the main discharge pipe 5 · The lower and upper steam chambers 15 and 17, respectively, receive the steam flow entering the pipes 25 and 18, ensuring reliable rotation, upward and downward movement of the discharge pipe and complete gas compaction and heavy oil inside the reactor 1, as well as heavy oil at high and low pressures in the chambers 16 and 13 in cooperation with the piston 4, rings 19 and the seal 20. The heavy oil is loaded by rotating the discharge pipe or its per Up or down.
    The device operates as follows.
    During operation, the steam is constantly supplied to the respective steam chambers through pipes 18 and 25. During the cracking of the feeds, oil under low pressure is supplied to the auxiliary discharge pipe 7 in order to maintain the outer peripheral walls of the main discharge pipe in a wet state. Upon completion of the processing of one load, heavy oil под is fed under high pressure through pipe 24 to the main discharge pipe 5, which rotates to direct the heavy oil on the surface of the inner walls of reactor 1. The design provides that the main discharge pipe rises after one coke removal cycle. By lifting the main discharge pipe 5, the inclined positions of the nozzles 8 are shifted relative to the surfaces of the inner wall of the reactor 1. In this regard, it is preferable to lift the main discharge pipe 5 to a distance corresponding to the intervals between the individual nozzles 8, which ensures complete removal of precipitated coke. In this embodiment, the drive shaft has a stroke length of 100 mm, and the nozzles are spaced apart from each other. About 100 mm or less, which is a satisfactory condition for normal operation. At 904531 8, the water shaft rises each time to a distance corresponding to 1/3 of the full stroke length, which is measured, for example, when the drive shaft 5 is rotated using a tachometer to monitor such rotation. The rotation and movement up and down of the main discharge pipe 5 during normal operation are carried out separately10, but can be carried out simultaneously.
    Instead of displacing the discharge pipe with the drive unit 2, it is possible to actuate the piston cylinder by moving, for example, the piston 4 up and down by adjusting the vapor pressure introduced into the upper and lower steam chambers 17 and 15 Thus, the flushing fluid is supplied to the discharge pipe unit, which is located inside the reactor, through a completely sealed chamber inside the cylinder assembly, which is installed on the reactor, 25 which ensures the complete removal of precipitated coke and the use of the reactor for continuous hydrochloric or cyclic operation. Since the reactor and joints are tightly sealed on the outside, leakage of reaction gases, flammable hot asphalt, etc. is prevented, and hot asphalt and other raw materials can be loaded for 35 even when moving up and down the discharge pipe. In addition, these seals are simple in design and operation and have a low cost.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    A burning pipe with nozzles for supplying the washing liquid and the mechanism of rotation and reciprocating movement connected to it. Since the cracking process in the internal part of the reactor is dominated by high temperatures and pressures, a drive mechanism is usually provided to the outside of the reactor for injection pipe. As a result of this, the injection pipe is necessarily connected to a fixed feed pipe, which is also accessible from the reactor bed, which requires providing a seal at the junction between the rotating discharge pipe and the non-moving feed pipe, in addition to sealing the joint between the discharge pipe and reactor. This is especially important in the treatment of highly flammable materials such as hot asphalt or toxic materials. However, in the described device, substances can leak out of the reactor. Into the gaps between the reactor and the handing pipe, as well as between the last and fixed pipe for supplying the external medium and the raw material. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the device by reducing the leakage of fluid from the reactor. This goal is achieved by the device for removing coke from the reactor for thermal cracking heavy hydrocarbons, which contains a pipe with nozzles for supplying the washing medium and a rotating and returnable mechanism connected thereto. additionally contains a cylinder mounted at the top of the reactor with nozzles for supplying the washing liquid and sealing medium, a three-stage piston installed within the cylinder for movement and rotation of the cylinder and forming upper and lower sealing chamber i.srednyuyu chamber for the washing liquid, the piston is provided with an additional pipe for flushing at ruzhnoy wall of the main pipe, wherein the pipe connected to the chambers via channels formed in the piston. The drawing shows the proposed device, the cut. E 4 A device for removing coke from a reactor contains a reactor 1 and a drive unit 2 installed at the top of the reactor, designed to provide rotation and vertical movement. The drive shaft (not shown) of the drive unit 2 is connected via a piston rod 3 to the upper end of the discharge pipe 5 located inside the reactor J, at the top of which is located the 6 l cylinder of supplying heavy oil clearing coke from the coil under the hermetic sealing of the upper end of the reactor 1 The drive unit 2, which includes an electric motor and a gearbox for rotating and moving up and down the discharge pipe 5 through the drive shaft, is provided with a control circuit for controlling the rotational and translational movements and downward of the discharge pipe 5. In addition, the drive unit has such a design that both the radial and axial loads applied to it are built inside, which makes it compact. An auxiliary pipe 7 is connected to the piston 24, which is designed to continuously drain the flushing fluid along the outer peripheral surfaces of the main pipe 5 to maintain these surfaces in a wet state. The main pipe 3 is provided with a set of nozzles 8 arranged in one vertical line, facing the inner surface of the reactor 1, and intended to inject a cleaning heavy oil under pressure therefrom. The nozzles-nozzles 8 are located outside with a downward slope at an angle of +5 relative to the main pipe 5. The number, location and shape of the nozzles are determined depending on the pressure of the injected heavy oil. The main pipe 5 is blocked from the lower end and contains two sections 9 and 10 of the bend in the middle part, which ensures the location of the direct lower end in close proximity to the internal surfaces of the reactor 1. The auxiliary injection pipe 7 passes through the center through the main pressure pipe 5 to section 9 bending and exiting through 5 the wall of the main pipe 5- The lower end of the auxiliary injection pipe 7, which protrudes from the main injection pipe 5, extends over the section 10 of the bending of the main injection pipe. The distal end of the secondary injection pipe 7 is positioned. So that the heavy oil evenly spreads over the outer surfaces of the main pipe S- In this embodiment, the heavy oil is drained onto the outer surface of the main pipe 5 under the action of gravity or can be injected by pressure. The free end of the auxiliary discharge pipe 7 may be spirally wound around the surface of the main discharge pipe 5. With this design, the open end of the auxiliary discharge pipe is held in a fixed position relative to the main discharge pipe 5, ensuring compression or extension of the main pipe due to thermal stress. The main injection pipe 5 inside the reactor t must be made of a lightweight material, since it is subjected to high temperatures, fluctuations from bubbling ,. periodic stresses as a result of the operation of the jets in the process of cleaning from coke and moments there resulting from eccentric deviations from each other of the main and auxiliary pipes 5 and 7. So, for example, part of the pipe 7 can be; steel introduced into the reactor. The main and auxiliary pipes 5 and 7 and the piston k are welded as follows. The piston k at the lower end has an axial bore P, which has the same diameter as the internal diameter of the main injection pipe 5 and communicates the black lower channel 12 with the low-pressure chamber 13 of heavy oil. An additional discharge pipe 7 is inserted directly through a through hole that is provided on the lower side of the curved section of the main discharge pipe 5f and the upper end of the auxiliary discharge pipe 7 is inserted into the lower channel 12 with welding the outer periphery of the auxiliary pipe 7 with the lower part of the hole 11. After of this, the upper end of the main injection pipe 5 is joined and welded to the lower end of the piston C, then the auxiliary pipe 7 is welded to the main pipe 5 around its outer periphery and, from where its part protrudes, and the projecting lower end of the auxiliary pipe is bent in the manner indicated above. The cylinder 6 is installed at the top of the reactor 1 and is intended to supply heavy oil under low and high pressures to the main and auxiliary pipes 5 and 7, respectively, ensuring the upper end of the reactor 1 is sealed to prevent the leakage of flammable gases or other materials, including heated asphalt. The cylinder 6 has a lower partition 1 extending from the base into the inside of the reactor 1 with the formation of the lower steam chamber 15 around the main discharge pipe 5- The cylinder 6 in interaction with the piston t o6 is the high pressure oil chamber 16, the low oil chamber 13 heavy oil pressure and an upper steam chamber 17 with a pipe 18 for supplying steam. These chambers are sealed with piston rings 19 in the respective areas. The upper steam chamber 17 is sealed against the atmosphere {seal 20 and the gland 21. The lower wall of the lower steam | Itself {% 1 15 is equipped with an anti-vibration cylindrical element 22, which prevents the main discharge pipe from vibrating. 5 The anti-vibration element serves to suppress the vibration that inevitably occurs in the main delivery pipe 5 due to the operation of high-pressure cleaning jets ( cm) by the main injection pipe and due to the violent bubbling of high-pressure vapors, which are formed by the 6 cracking process. The high pressure chamber 16 of the cylinder 6 communicates with the main injection pipe 5 through the opening 23 and receives heavy high pressure oil through the pipe 24 for supplying it through the nozzles 8 of the main injection pipe 5 to the inner surfaces of the reactor 1. The low pressure heavy oil chamber 13 is connected with an auxiliary delivery pipe 7 and takes a heavy oil under low pressure to enter it. From the lower end of the auxiliary pipe 7 to the outer peripheral walls of the main injection pipe 5. The lower and upper steam chambers 15 and 17 respectively receive the steam flow coming through pipes 25 and 18, ensuring reliable rotation, upward and downward movement of the discharge pipe and full sealing gases and heavy oil inside reactor 1, as well as heavy oil under high and low pressures in chambers 16 and 13 in cooperation with the piston 4, rings 19 and seal 20.. The yellow oil is charged while rotating the discharge pipe or Do not move up or down. The device works as follows. In operation, the steam is continuously supplied to the respective steam chambers through pipes 18 and 25. During the cracking process of the oil under low pressure, the oil is supplied to the auxiliary injection pipe 7 in order to maintain the outer peripheral walls of the main injection pipe in the wet state. Upon completion of the processing of a single load, heavy oil under high pressure is supplied by means of a pipe 2A to the main injection pipe 5, which is rotated to direct heavy oil onto the surfaces of the inner walls of the reactor 1. The design ensures that the main injection pipe rises at the end of one coke removal cycle. By raising the main injection pipe 5, the inclinations of the nozzles 8 are displaced relative to the surfaces of the inner wall of the reactor 1. In this connection, it is preferable to lift the main injection pipe 5 by a distance corresponding to the intervals between the individual nozzles 8, thus ensuring complete removal of the coke deposited. In this embodiment, the drive shaft has a stroke length of 100 mm, and the nozzles are spaced apart from each other, about 100 mm or less, which is a satisfactory condition for normal operation. At 18, the water shaft rises each time to a distance corresponding to 1/3 of the full stroke length, which is measured, for example, by rotating the drive shaft using a tachometer. To control such rotation. The rotation and movement up and down of the main discharge pipe 5 during normal operation are carried out separately, but can be carried out simultaneously. Instead of moving the discharge pipe, the drive unit 2 can actuate the piston cylinder by moving, for example, the piston k up and down by adjusting the pressure of steam introduced into the upper and lower steam chambers 17 and 15. Thus, the flushing fluid is supplied to the discharge pipe assembly, which located inside the reactor, through a fully compacted chamber inside the cylinder assembly, which is installed on the reactor, thus allowing the complete removal of precipitated coke and using the reactor continuously second or cycling. Since the reactor and the joints are reliably sealed from the outside, leakage of reaction gases, combustible hot asphalt, etc., is prevented, and hot asphalt and other raw materials can be loaded even when the discharge pipe is moved up and down. In addition, these seals are simple in design and in operation and have a low cost. Apparatus of the Invention A device for removing coke from a reactor for thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbons, comprising a pipe with nozzles for supplying a washing liquid and a mechanism of rotation and reciprocating movement connected therewith, in order to increase its reliability by reducing leakage of fluid from reactor, it contains a cylinder mounted at the top of the reactor with nozzles for supplying washing fluid and sealing medium, a three-stage piston installed inside the cylinder with POSSIBILITY movement and rotation and forming with
    9SOttSSI 10
    cylinder upper and lower seals by means of channels made in
    body chambers and middle chamber for the piston.
    flushing fluid, piston stockpile, Sources of information, an additional flushing pipe for wives, taken into account during the examination
    ki of the outer wall of the main pipe, s 1. USSR patent on application
    moreover, the pipes are connected with chambers # 2 1b107 / 23-2b, cl. C 10 G 9 / 12,1975
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2379594B1|1981-03-27|
    IT7819990D0|1978-02-03|
    CA1108082A|1981-09-01|
    FR2379594A1|1978-09-01|
    DE2804387C2|1982-09-09|
    JPS5414750Y2|1979-06-16|
    US4196050A|1980-04-01|
    JPS53107652U|1978-08-29|
    IT1092375B|1985-07-12|
    GB1588822A|1981-04-29|
    DE2804387A1|1978-08-10|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1783257A|1924-07-17|1930-12-02|Universal Oil Prod Co|Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons|
    US1912629A|1931-12-28|1933-06-06|Universal Oil Prod Co|Treatment of heavy hydrocarbons|
    US2326525A|1940-08-28|1943-08-10|Standard Oil Co|Method of preventing deleterious coke deposits|
    FR855970A|1944-05-25|1940-05-24|Process for cleaning the tubes of heavy gasoline oil distillation furnaces, boilers and others|
    GB1097762A|1963-12-12|1968-01-03|British Titan Products|Device for use in oxidation of metal halides|
    US3836434A|1972-03-27|1974-09-17|Great Lakes Carbon Corp|Process for decoking a delayed coker|
    CA993161A|1974-07-24|1976-07-20|Joseph M. Emond|Tank cleaning apparatus|
    US3985572A|1974-11-04|1976-10-12|Georgia-Pacific Corporation|Automatic spray cleaning apparatus and method|
    JPS565434B2|1975-10-22|1981-02-04|JPS56129034A|1980-03-13|1981-10-08|Toyo Eng Corp|Reaction container|
    US5518607A|1984-10-31|1996-05-21|Field; Leslie A.|Sulfur removal systems for protection of reforming catalysts|
    US4849025A|1987-06-05|1989-07-18|Resource Technology Associates|Decoking hydrocarbon reactors by wet oxidation|
    FR2733168B1|1995-04-20|1997-06-27|Financ De Gestion Soc|METHOD FOR MOUNTING A GAS INJECTION NOZZLE THROUGH A WALL AND MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD|
    US5932089A|1997-01-24|1999-08-03|Atlantic Richfield Company|Petroleum coker cooling method with minimum coke drum stress|
    GB2335213B|1998-03-09|2000-09-13|Sofitech Nv|Nozzle arrangement for well cleaning apparatus|
    US8137476B2|2009-04-06|2012-03-20|Synfuels International, Inc.|Secondary reaction quench device and method of use|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP1977011556U|JPS5414750Y2|1977-02-04|1977-02-04|
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